“Zahlungsmoral” in German translates to payment behaviour in English, the way someone typically pays their debts or bills.  When I was teaching Business, one of the early lessons was about the percentage of UK small businesses that cease trading in the first three years, which the textbook quoted as 60% – similar to 2024 statistics released by the Bank of England. Why such a high failure rate? Late payment. Now that I have been ‘The Cycling Curtain Maker’ for some time, my experience of payment behaviours is mixed. Some pay immediately, many thanks to you. Others complain to me that the banking app they use is oh-so-tricky to operate. Some, for unexplained reasons, think I should wait a few weeks. One or two have been happy to order but are then mysteriously uncontactable, so the product languishes in my workshop for weeks (the worst case of this was when something was completed in January and finally picked up in July). It’s not a big workshop, so a buildup of finished projects means I can’t begin the next one. Someone else said that things are done differently in Switzerland, so they’re not paying unless I accept their further conditions. From now on, my estimates will unfortunately require an explicit agreement to my terms, which are here.

Roman blinds: there are two important considerations. Firstly, the chain of a Roman blind mechanism must be secured with a hook. This is to prevent children/cats etc. from strangling themselves. Secondly, at the back of the blind where the cords are attached to the rods, we need ‘handbag’ clips. Should someone become entangled in the cord, the clips will release and the danger is over.

Cushions and seats: any domestic item that is an integral part of the furniture, such as loose sofa cushions, as well as all commercial work, must be fire resistant. You are entitled to see a ‘carelessness causes fire’ on the relevant item. It must be sewn in. Loose sofa cushions and curtains don’t need this.

https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/apr/30/still-some-fuel-in-the-tank-the-perks-and-perils-of-launching-a-business-after-60

A desire to be creative pushed Sibylle Hyde, 62, from west London, to launch her own business after retiring from teaching economics last year.

“I am a qualified upholsterer – I had taken classes since the 1990s. Since I enjoy making curtains, blinds, and upholstery, as well as cycling, I thought: ‘Why don’t I become a cycling curtain-maker?’”

Sibylle Hyde in her home workshop. Photograph: Sibylle Hyde/Guardian Community

Hyde set up her local curtain-making business in May, dropped some leaflets in her neighbourhood and made a website.

“I have a garage and a small workshop at home, and I’ve only spent around £1,200 so far on tools: a trailer for my bike, and some Ikea table tops I clip together for very long curtains,” she said.

“It’s picking up slowly, thanks to recommendations and some repeat business. I’ve been having around £250 worth of business a week, enough for now. But if possible, I will 100% expand and hire staff.”

Despite the long hours it takes to make custom Roman blinds from scratch, Hyde is very happy with her new venture.

‘’ I’m too young for going from 100 to zero

“You need to be careful that the work doesn’t impact your health, but for me, it’s perfect, I love it. Cycling keeps me fit, and I like creative problem solving.

“I’m too young for going from 100 to zero. I’ll do this for as long as I’ll be able to, and am thinking of offering upholstery workshops for kids.”

There are a few common fillings for cushions:

• Feathers and downs. They puff up well. You might be allergic.
• Wool. I have a nice British supplier for wool cushions – they are stuffed more tightly than foam or feathers.
• Foam, obviously. This is for seat and back cushion, usually wrapped in ‘wadding’ or ‘stockinette’ that stops the foam from pilling.
• Polyester. It’s the cheapest, can become a little lumpy after a while.

It’s the best! Double pleat hand made. Why: 1. It looks elegant. But not fussy! 2. It pulls back into a small amount of space (which we call ‘stackback’) when drawn back. Handy for London. 3. It doesn’t need that much fabric, so saves money. 4. It can be adjusted accurately vertically by moving hooks in millimetre increments. 5. It’s forgiving as it looks good with lining AND interlining.

If you’re choosing a fabric for sitting on, such as loose covers or cushions, consider its ‘rub test’. The fabric is rubbed repeatedly on a machine to see how long it survives. A value of 60,000 is very hard-wearing. Around 35,000 – 40,000 is a good quality fabric. If you only sit on it once a year then a lower value is acceptable. With fabrics you really do get the quality you pay for, see also ‘pattern drift’ below.

Another consideration is fire safety. Domestic removable cushion covers and curtains don’t need to be fire retardant, but their fillings must be. If fabric is permanently fixed to the furniture, that also needs to be fire retardant. A label on the underside tells you whether this is the case. For example, an upholstered headboard and a drop-in seat would need to comply and have a label. For public or office spaces, everything needs to be fire retardant.

Depending on what you would like to have on your windows, the hardware – meaning curtain rods, rails and blind mechanisms, as well as pelmet shelves (to which the rails and mechanisms can be attached) and all the different operating mechanisms – chains, hooks, rods and electrical motors. Please, before you choose the hardware/curtain fabric, consult with me. Not only should the hardware fit visually but it also needs to have the correct size and be able to bear the weight which can be considerable. Ideally I would also be present when your fitter installs it. I’ll have to come anyway – because I will have to measure the final lengths which depend on the position of the hardware, and that will determine the final estimate. I have trade accounts with reputable suppliers and can advise.

Roman blinds are enormously popular. They look smart, do not use a lot of fabric (and are therefore cheaper to make compared to curtains), can be made in ‘standard’, ‘waterfall’ – sometimes called ‘cascade’ or with a border or other embellishments. Depending on your window furniture they can be hung inside or outside the recess. It’s possible to line and interline them, protecting you against the cold. Caution, though: the effect depends on the fabrics used. If the face fabric has a tight weave and is interlined with a special product, you will have crisp pleats. A loose weave such as linen or a linen imitation will show relaxed folds. I do not recommend blackout lining for Roman blinds. This is because it needs to be ‘stab-stitched’ (tiny little stitches that connect the lining to the main fabric) and this will make a visible hole in the otherwise lightproof lining. Those tiny holes cannot be avoided but don’t show up anywhere near as noticeably if using a cotton lining. If you interline (put an insulating layer between the main fabric and the lining) most light will be blocked, but there will be extra bulk when the blind is drawn up: is there enough space in the window recess? If the blind is outside the recess and is quite long, the mechanism might have to move forward to accommodate the bulk of the folds. I’m happy to advise.

If you were able to bag a bargain by buying a whole roll of fabric at a discount, you might want to think about why it was cheap. Especially designer fabrics (but any really) may not be printed correctly. Pattern drift is when the design on the fabric does not repeat at the correct intervals. As a result, lengths of fabric that are joined together can not be pattern matched. Other faults include ‘bobbles’ in the weave and selvedges that do not allow for matching the patterns because they are too narrow. I would normally send those faulty fabrics back to where they came from.

Here’s an example of pattern drift. You’ll notice it immediately if you look at the yellow tulips. They are supposed to be at the same level in the fabric.

There are three main types: domestic, professional and overlocker. I have one of each. Professional ones sew really fast but can normally only do straight stitches. Domestic ones can be adapted with a walking foot: without it, the feed dogs that move the fabric along can only catch the bottom layer, but with this attachment, both layers are moved at the same rate. This is useful to prevent puckering and great for joining lots of layers. Overlockers result in a stitch that you can see on the inside of T-shirts. They sew, neaten and cut excess fabric off at the same time. You have to thread them with tweezers!